Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: 

Carbohydrates are important biomolecules and an essential part of the diet that provides energy to the body, particularly through glucose.

The stoichiometric formula of carbohydrates is (CH₂O)_n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule that represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1: 2: 1 in carbohydrate molecules. Carbohydrates can be classified into simple and complex. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple carbohydrates and polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are simple sugars and are also called reducing sugars, that reduce Fehling’s solution and Tollens reagent. If the sugar has an aldehyde group, it is an aldose and if it has a ketone group, it is a ketose.

Glucose (an aldose) and fructose (a ketose) are the common monosaccharides.

Monosaccharides can exist as linear chains or as ring-shaped molecules. In an aqueous solution, they are usually in ring form. Glucose in the ring form can have two different hydroxyl group arrangements (OH) around the anomeric carbon (carbon 1 that becomes asymmetric in the ring formation process). If the hydroxyl group is below C–1, then it is α-aromer and if it is above the plane, it is the β-anomer.

Disaccharides may be reducing or non-reducing sugar depending on whether the aldehyde group is free or not. All polysaccharides are non-reducing.